Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

The lip-type seal of the present invention is a lip-type seal with which the outer periphery of a rotational shaft (S) supported by a predetermined housing (H) is sealed. The lip-type seal is made up of a first annular reinforcing member ( 11 ) and a first sealing member ( 12 ). The first reinforcing member ( 11 ) includes a wall surface part ( 11   a ) defining a hole through which the rotational shaft (S) is passed and a cylindrical part ( 11   b ) bent from the outer edge of the wall surface part ( 11   a ). The first sealing member ( 12 ) includes an annular base ( 12   a ) that is joined to the housing (H), a first lip part ( 12   b ) that extends almost conically from the base ( 12   a ) inwardly in the radial direction and that comes into contact with the rotational shaft (S), and an annular concave part ( 12   c ) formed in the base ( 12   a ) so as to detachably fit the cylindrical part ( 11   b ). Accordingly, a desired sealing capability can be secured, and the components can be easily assembled, disassembled, and recycled.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to a lip-type seal with which the space between a housing and a rotational shaft, such as that of a compressor used in an air conditioning system of, for example, a vehicle, is sealed, and, more particularly to a lip-type seal that can be recycled.

BACKGROUND ART

In recent years, the technology for recycling a used lip-type seal has been developed as part of the environmental antipollution measures. As shown in FIG. 1, a conventional lip-type seal formed in consideration of recycling is known (see Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-364759, for example). This conventional lip-type seal is made up of a metallic core ring 1, a first rubber sealing member 2 that contains the core ring 1 and that has an almost conical shape, a second resinous sealing member 3 that adjoins the first sealing member 2 and that has an almost conical shape, and a metallic backup ring 4 that adjoins the second sealing member 3.

In this lip-type seal, the first sealing member 2 includes an annular base 2 a joined to a housing H, for example, of a compressor, a lip part 2 b that defines an inner edge in contact with a rotational shaft S rotatably supported by the housing H, an annular containing part 2 c and an incision 2 d through which the core ring 1 is fitted in the base 2 a. The second sealing member 3 includes a substantially flat outer edge part 3 a, and a lip part 3 b that defines an inner edge in contact with the rotational shaft S. The backup ring 4 includes a cylindrical part 4 a that is fitted to the inside of the base 2 a and a wall surface part 4 b that defines a circular hole through which the rotational shaft S is passed.

In order to assemble these components, the incision 2 d of the first sealing member 2 is greatly widened, and the core ring 1 is inserted into the containing part 2 c. Thereafter, the second sealing member 3 is inserted into the inside of the first sealing member 2, and the backup ring 4 is incorporated by fitting the cylindrical part 4 a to the inside of the base 2 a in such a way as to sandwich the second sealing member 3 between the first sealing member 2 and the backup ring 4.

However, in the assemblage into the lip-type seal, there is a need to greatly widen the incision 2 d while the base 2 a is being deformed and maintain that state when the core ring 1 is inserted into the containing part 2 c, and hence workability is remarkably inferior in assembling. On the other hand, a difficulty lies in detaching the core ring 1 when the core ring 1 is attempted to be detached therefrom after the lip-type seal is used for a long time, because the core ring 1 is completely buried in the containing part 2 c so that there is no part to be gripped, and the core ring 1 is in a state of having been firmly embedded as a result of longtime use.

Additionally, in the assembled state of the lip-type seal, the second sealing member 3 is sandwiched between the first sealing member 2 and the backup ring 4. However, since the first sealing member 2 is made of rubber, there is a fear that the second sealing member 3 cannot be reliably sandwiched therebetween because of its elastic deformation or time-dependent change.

The present invention has been made in consideration of these circumstances of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a lip-type seal in which components can be easily assembled while securing the sealing function inherent therein, in which the components can be easily disassembled and sorted out, and in which the components can be recycled.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The lip-type seal of the present invention that achieves the object is a lip-type seal with which the outer periphery of a rotational shaft supported by a predetermined housing is sealed. The lip-type seal is made up of a first reinforcing member formed annularly and a first sealing member. The first reinforcing member includes a wall surface part defining a hole through which the rotational shaft is passed and a cylindrical part bent from the outer edge of the wall surface part. The first sealing member includes an annular base that is joined to the housing, a first lip part that extends almost conically from the base inwardly in the radial direction and that comes into contact with the rotational shaft, and an annular concave part formed on the base so as to detachably fit the cylindrical part of the first reinforcing member.

According to this constitution, the cylindrical part of the first reinforcing member is merely fitted into the annular concave part formed on the base of the first sealing member (without a caulking process or an adhesive), whereby the cylindrical part and the annular concave part are completely attached to each other. On the other hand, the cylindrical part and the annular concave part can be separated and sorted from each other merely by pulling out the cylindrical part from the annular concave part. Since the wall surface part of the first reinforcing member has the wall surface part that is integrally formed with the cylindrical part and that is in an exposed state although the cylindrical part is fitted into the concave part of the first sealing member and is in a buried state, the first reinforcing member can be easily pulled out from the first sealing member by gripping the wall surface part (while putting a finger into the hole or using a tool). Thus, the components can be easily attached and detached.

In the above constitution, the first reinforcing member may have an inner cylindrical part that supports the base in a sandwiched manner from the inside in cooperation with the cylindrical part, and the wall surface part of the first reinforcing member may extend from the inner cylindrical part.

According to this constitution, when the cylindrical part of the first reinforcing member is fitted into the concave part of the first sealing member, the inner cylindrical part of the first reinforcing member supports the base (i.e., part defined by the concave part and by the inner circumferential surface) in the radial direction in a sandwiched manner in cooperation with the cylindrical part located outside, and hence the cylindrical part and the concave part can be firmly attached to each other more reliably.

In the above constitution, the wall surface part of the first reinforcing member may be contiguous to the root area of the first lip part in the axial direction of the rotational shaft.

According to this constitution, since the wall surface part of the first reinforcing member serves to support the root area of the first lip part, the first lip part can be prevented from being deformed beyond a predetermined range. Additionally, since the wall surface part is merely disposed so as to be adjacent to the root area of the first lip part, these components can be easily detached from each other without trouble.

In the above constitution, the lip-type seal may further include a second sealing member sandwiched between the first reinforcing member and the first sealing member and a second reinforcing member formed annularly and fitted to the first sealing member on the side opposite the first reinforcing member. The second sealing member may include a to-be-sandwiched part sandwiched between the wall surface part of the first reinforcing member and the root area of the first lip part and a second lip part that extends almost conically from the to-be-sandwiched part inwardly in the radial direction and that can come into contact with the rotational shaft. The second reinforcing member may include an annular wall surface part that is brought into contact with the base in the axial direction of the rotational shaft and a cylindrical part that is bent from the inner edge of the annular wall surface and that is fitted to the inside of the base.

According to this constitution, the first reinforcing member, the first sealing member, the second sealing member, and the second reinforcing member can be completely assembled merely by fitting the cylindrical part of the first reinforcing member into the concave part of the first sealing member while supporting the to-be-sandwiched part of the second sealing member in a sandwiched manner and by fitting the cylindrical part of the second reinforcing member into the inside of the base. On the other hand, these components can be disassembled and sorted from each other merely by pulling out the cylindrical part of the first reinforcing member from the concave part and by pulling out the cylindrical part of the second reinforcing member from the inside of the base. Since the base of the first sealing member is sandwiched between the cylindrical part of the first reinforcing member and the cylindrical part of the second reinforcing member, the components can be assembled more reliably.

In the above constitution, the first sealing member may be made of rubber, and the second sealing member may be made of resin.

According to this constitution, since the first sealing member and the second sealing member can be easily separated as mentioned above, these components can be easily sorted from each other for recycling even if components differing in kind are used.

In the above constitution, the cylindrical part of the second reinforcing member may have a contact part that comes in contact with the root area of the first lip part in the axial direction of the rotational shaft.

According to this constitution, as a result of attaching the second reinforcing member, the contact part located at the end of the cylindrical part reliably supports the second sealing member (the to-be-sandwiched part) in a sandwiched manner in cooperation with the wall surface part of the first reinforcing member while restricting the deformation of the root area of the first lip part. Therefore, the second sealing member is attached more reliably.

In the above constitution, the wall surface part of the first reinforcing member may be provided with a rotation stopper that restricts the rotation of the second sealing member.

According to this constitution, the rotation stopper can prevent the second sealing member from being rotated although the second sealing member is merely sandwiched between the first reinforcing member and the first sealing member.

In the above constitution, the second reinforcing member may have a restriction part that is bent from the cylindrical part inwardly so as to be cylindrical and that restricts the deformation of the first lip part outwardly in the radial direction of the first lip part within a predetermined range.

According to this constitution, since the cylindrical restriction part is provided in such a way as to surround the first lip part outside in the radial direction of the first lip part, the first lip part can be prevented from being deformed outwardly beyond the allowable limits, and a desired sealing capability can be secured.

In the above constitution, an annular spring that exerts an urging force inwardly in the radial direction in the outer peripheral area of the first lip part may be detachably attached to the first sealing member.

According to this constitution, since the annular spring is provided in the outer peripheral area of the first lip part, the first lip part can be prevented from being deformed outwardly beyond the allowable limits, and a desired sealing capability can be secured. Additionally, since the spring is detachably attached, the components can be easily assembled and disassembled.

In the above constitution, a third reinforcing member that is formed annularly and that restricts the deformation caused inwardly in the radial direction of the first lip part within a predetermined range may be sandwiched between the first sealing member and the second sealing member.

According to this constitution, the third reinforcing member can prevent the first lip part from being deformed inwardly in the radial direction beyond the allowable limits, and a desired sealing capability can be secured. Additionally, since the third reinforcing member is merely sandwiched between the first sealing member and the second sealing member, the third reinforcing member can be easily attached and detached.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partially sectional view showing a conventional lip-type seal.

FIG. 2 is a partially sectional view showing a schematic structure of a compressor to which a lip-type seal according to the present invention is applied.

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of the lip-type seal according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially sectional view of the lip-type seal of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of the lip-type seal according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partially sectional view of the lip-type seal of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a partially sectional view showing another method for attaching the lip-type seal of FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing still another embodiment of the lip-type seal according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a partially sectional view of the lip-type seal of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing still another embodiment of the lip-type seal according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a partially sectional view of the lip-type seal of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view showing still another embodiment of the lip-type seal according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a partially sectional view of the lip-type seal of FIG. 12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The most preferred embodiments of the present invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the attached drawings. Herein, a description is given of a case in which a lip-type seal according to the present invention is used in a compressor C that serves as a part of an air conditioning system, for example, of a vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 2, a compressor C includes a housing H that defines the outline, a rotational shaft S that is contained in the housing H and that transmits a rotational driving force to a compression mechanism from the outside, and a lip-type seal 10 that blocks the air A and an internal space B from each other by sealing a space between the outer peripheral surface of the rotational shaft S and the housing H therewith.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the lip-type seal 10 is made up of a first reinforcing member 11 formed annularly and a first sealing member 12 formed annularly.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the first reinforcing member 11, which is formed by subjecting a metallic plate, such as a cold-rolled steel strip or a stainless steel plate, to press working, has a wall surface part 11 a that defines a circular hole 11 a′ through which the rotational shaft S is passed, a cylindrical part 11 b that is bent from the outer edge of the wall surface part 11 a and that extends in an axial direction L, and an inner cylindrical part 11 c that is interposed between the wall surface part 11 a and the cylindrical part 11 b and that is formed coaxially with the cylindrical part 11 b inside the cylindrical part 11 b.

The first sealing member 12 is molded out of rubber such as H-NBR, and has an annular (cylindrical) base 12 a that is joined to a wall surface H1 of the housing H and that extends in the axial direction L, a first lip part 12 b that extends almost conically inwardly in the radial direction from the base 12 a and that defines a circular inner edge 12 b′ coming into contact with the rotational shaft S, and an annular (cylindrical) concave part 12 c that has an opening 12 c′ at its end face (on the side of the air A) in the base 12 a and that is formed to receive the cylindrical part 11 b, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.

The first reinforcing member 11 is formed so that the wall surface part 11 a can adjoin (can come into close contact with) a root area 12 b″ of a first lip part 12 b in the axial direction L, whereby the first lip part 12 b is prevented from being deformed inwardly in the radial direction beyond the allowable limits. Further, the first reinforcing member 11 is formed so that the inner cylindrical part 11 c can be fitted into the inside of the base 12 a, and a part 12 a″ of the base 12 a (i.e., a part defined by the concave part 12 c and the inner circumferential surface of the base 12 a) can be supported radially in a sandwiched manner in cooperation with the cylindrical part 11 b. As a result, the first reinforcing member 11 and the first sealing member 12 are reliably attached to each other.

The first sealing member 12 is provided with two projection parts 12 a′ that annularly protrude outwardly in the radial direction on the outer peripheral surface of the base 12 a, whereby the adhesion with the wall surface H1 is improved.

Next, a description will be given of assembling and disassembling of the lip-type seal 10. First, in assembling, the first reinforcing member 11 and the first sealing member 12 are arranged in the axial direction L as shown in FIG. 3, and the cylindrical part 11 b of the first reinforcing member 11 is fitted into the annular concave part 12 c formed in the base 12 a of the first sealing member 12. Attaching is completed with ease merely by fitting the cylindrical part 11 b into the annular concave part 12 c without a caulking process or an adhesive. In this state, the base 12 a is reliably sandwiched between the cylindrical part 11 b and the inner cylindrical part 11 c, so that these components are reliably attached to each other.

On the other hand, in disassembling, the first reinforcing member 11 and the first sealing member 12 can be reliably separated merely by pulling out the cylindrical part 11 b from the annular concave part 12 c. Herein, since the first reinforcing member 11 has the wall surface part 11 a exposed and integrally formed with the cylindrical part 11 b that is fitted and buried in the concave part 12 c of the first sealing member 12, the components can be easily disassembled by gripping the wall surface part 11 a, for example, while putting a finger into the circular hole 11 a′ or while using a tool.

Further, when the lip-type seal 10 is attached to the compressor C, the rotational shaft S is passed so that the inner edge 12 b′ of the first lip part 12 b comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotational shaft S as shown in FIG. 4, the base 12 a of the first sealing member 12 is then fitted to the wall surface H1, and a snap ring R is attached so as to come into contact with the first sealing member 12 in a state in which the end face of the first reinforcing member 11 is in contact with a wall surface H2.

The snap ring R has an inclined surface with an inclination angle θ of about 10 to 20 degrees, preferably 15 degrees, and presses the lip-type seal 10 against the wall surface H2 by being fitted into an annular groove H3 formed to likewise have an inclined surface in the housing H.

In this embodiment, the inner cylindrical part 11 c is provided in the first reinforcing member 11. However, without being limited to this, the present invention may have a structure in which the cylindrical part 11 b is directly provided to be bent from the outer edge of the wall surface part 11 a, without providing the inner cylindrical part 11 c.

FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show another embodiment of the lip-type seal according to the present invention, in which a second sealing member and a second reinforcing member are added to the components used in the foregoing embodiment. The same reference symbols are given to the same constituent element as in the foregoing embodiment, and overlapping description thereof is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the lip-type seal 20 is made up of a first reinforcing member 21 formed annularly, a first sealing member 22 formed annularly, a second sealing member 23 sandwiched between the first reinforcing member 21 and the first sealing member 22, and a second reinforcing member 24 fitted to the first sealing member 22 on the side opposite the first reinforcing member 21.

The first reinforcing member 21 is formed by subjecting a metallic plate, such as a cold-rolled steel strip or a stainless steel plate, to press working, and, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, has a wall surface part 21 a that defines a circular hole 21 a′ through which a rotational shaft S is passed, a cylindrical part 21 b that is bent from the outer edge of the wall surface part 21 a and that extends in the axial direction L, and a collar part 21 c formed by widening its radius in the bent region between the wall surface part 21 a and the cylindrical part 21 b.

The wall surface part 21 a is provided with a plurality of projections 21 a″ that serve as rotation stoppers arranged in the circumferential direction on the surface to which the second sealing member 23 is joined. The projections 21 a″ can effectively restrict the rotation of the second sealing member 23 although the second sealing member 23 is merely supported in a sandwiched manner.

The first sealing member 22 is molded out of rubber such as H-NBR, and, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, has an annular (cylindrical) base 22 a that is joined to a wall surface H1 of the housing H and that extends in the axial direction L, a first lip part 22 b that extends almost conically inwardly in the radial direction from the base 22 a and that defines a circular inner edge 22 b′ coming into contact with the rotational shaft S, and an annular (cylindrical) concave part 22 c that has an opening 22 c′ at its end face (on the side of the air A) in the base 22 a and that is formed to receive the cylindrical part 21 b.

Two projection parts 22 a′ that annularly protrude outwardly in the radial direction are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base 22 a, whereby the adhesion with the wall surface H1 is improved as in the foregoing embodiment.

The second sealing member 23 is molded out of resin such as tetrafluoroethylene resin, and, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, has a to-be-sandwiched part 23 a flatly formed with a circular outline so as to be sandwiched between the wall surface part 21 a and the root area 22 b″ of the first lip part 22 b and a second lip part 23 b that extends almost conically inwardly in the radial direction from the to-be-sandwiched part 23 a and that defines a circular inner edge 23 b′ coming into contact with the rotational shaft S.

Like the first reinforcing member 21, the second reinforcing member 24 is formed by subjecting a metallic plate, such as a cold-rolled steel strip or a stainless steel plate, to press working, and, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, has a flat annular wall surface part 24 a that is brought into contact with the end face (on the side of the internal space B) of the base 22 a in the axial direction L, a cylindrical part 24 b that is bent from the outer edge of the annular wall surface part 24 a and that extends in the axial direction L, and a contact part 24 b′ that is vertically bent at the end of the cylindrical part 24 b and that comes into contact with the root area 22 b′ of the first lip part 22 b.

Next, a description will be given of assembling and disassembling of the lip-type seal 20. First, in assembling, the first reinforcing member 21, the second sealing member 23, the first sealing member 22, and the second reinforcing member 24 are arranged in the axial direction L as shown in FIG. 5, the cylindrical part 21 b of the first reinforcing member 21 is then fitted into the concave part 22 a of the first sealing member 22 in such a way as to sandwich the to-be-sandwiched part 23 a of the second sealing member 23 therebetween, and the cylindrical part 24 b of the second reinforcing member 24 is fitted into the inside of the base 22 a. The first reinforcing member 21, the first sealing member 22, the second sealing member 23, and the second reinforcing member 24 are completely assembled merely by fitting these components there into without a caulking process or an adhesive.

In this state, the contact part 24 b′ of the second reinforcing member 24 reliably supports the second sealing member 23 (the to-be-sandwiched part 23 a) in a sandwiched manner in cooperation with the wall surface part 21 a of the first reinforcing member 21 while restricting the deformation of the root area 22 b″ of the first lip part 22 b. Further, the projections 21 a″ of the wall surface part 21 a restrict the rotation of the second sealing member 23 (to-be-sandwiched part 23 a), whereby the second sealing member 23 is reliably assembled to a predetermined position.

A part 22 a″ of the base 22 a (i.e., a part defined by the concave part 22 c and the inner circumferential surface of the base 22 a) is reliably sandwiched in the radial direction between the cylindrical part 21 b of the first reinforcing member 21 and the cylindrical part 24 b of the second reinforcing member 24, so that the first reinforcing member 21, the first sealing member 22, and the second reinforcing member 24 are reliably assembled to each other.

On the other hand, in disassembling, the components can be reliably separated from each other merely by pulling out the cylindrical part 21 b of the first reinforcing member 21 from the concave part 22 c and by pulling out the cylindrical part 24 b of the second reinforcing member 24 from the inside of the base 22 a. As in the foregoing embodiment, since the first reinforcing member 21 has the wall surface part 21 a exposed and integrally formed with the cylindrical part 21 b that is fitted and buried in the concave part 22 c, the components can be easily disassembled by gripping the wall surface part 21 a, for example, while putting a finger into the circular hole 21 a′ or using a tool.

When the lip-type seal 20 is attached to the compressor C, a snap ring R is attached as shown in FIG. 6 in the same way as in the foregoing embodiment.

Another method may be carried out as follows. Instead of the snap ring R, another member H′ disposed in the housing H (or, alternatively, a part of the housing H) is brought into contact with the annular wall surface part 24 a of the second reinforcing member 24 from the axial direction L, and the lip-type seal 20 is pressed against the wall surface H2 as shown in FIG. 7.

In this embodiment, the projection 21 a″ is provided on the wall surface part 21 a as a rotation stopper that restricts the rotation of the second sealing member 23. Instead, a similar projection may be molded integrally with the root area 22 b′ of the first sealing member 22.

In this embodiment, the contact part 24 b′ is provided in the second reinforcing member 24. However, the cylindrical part 24 b may be shortened, and the contact part 24 b′ may be removed as long as the second sealing member 23 is reliably sandwiched. Alternatively, the cylindrical part 24 b may be fitted to the inside of the base 22 a in a slightly loosened state.

FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show still another embodiment of the lip-type seal according to the present invention, in which the second reinforcing member shown in the above embodiment of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 is changed. Therefore, the same reference symbols are given to the same structure as in the foregoing embodiment, and overlapping description thereof is omitted.

In this lip-type seal 20′, the second reinforcing member 24′ has a restriction part 24 c formed cylindrically so as to be bent further inwardly from the contact part 24 b′ and to extend in the axial direction L, in addition to the annular wall surface part 24 a, the cylindrical part 24 b, and the contact part 24 b′, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9.

As shown in FIG. 9, the restriction part 24 c is formed cylindrically so as to surround the first lip part 22 b outside in the radial direction of the first lip part 22 b in the assembled state, whereby the first lip part 22 b is prevented from being deformed outwardly beyond the allowable limits. Therefore, a desired sealing capability can be secured without influence of fluids in the internal space B.

As in the foregoing embodiment, in this lip-type seal 20′, the components can be easily assembled and disassembled while securing such a desired sealing capability.

FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show still another embodiment of the lip-type seal according to the present invention, in which the first sealing member shown in the embodiment of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 is partially changed and in which an annular spring 25 is added. Therefore, the same reference symbols are given to the same structure as in the foregoing embodiment, and overlapping description thereof is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, in this lip-type seal 20″, the first sealing member 22′ has an annular groove 22 b′″ formed in the outer peripheral surface of the first lip part 22 b, in addition to the annular base 22 a, the first lip part 22 b, the annular concave part 22 c, and the opening 22 c′.

As shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the annular spring 25 is detachably attached to the groove 22 b′″. The spring 25 always exerts a predetermined urging force onto the first lip part 22 b inwardly in the radial direction, and prevents the first lip part 22 b from being deformed outwardly beyond the allowable limits. Therefore, a desired sealing capability can be secured without influence, for example, of fluids in the internal space B. As in the foregoing embodiment, in this lip-type seal 20″, the components can be easily assembled and disassembled while securing such a desired sealing capability.

FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 show still another embodiment of the lip-type seal according to the present invention, in which a third reinforcing member 26 is added to the components shown in the embodiment of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. Therefore, the same reference symbols are given to the same structure as in the foregoing embodiment, and overlapping description thereof is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, in this lip-type seal 20′″, the third annular reinforcing member 26 is sandwiched between the first sealing member 22 and the second sealing member 23.

The third reinforcing member 26 is formed by subjecting a metallic plate, such as a cold-rolled steel strip or a stainless steel plate, to press working, and, as shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, has a substantially flat to-be-sandwiched part 26 a having a circular outline so as to be sandwiched between the to-be-sandwiched part 23 a of the second sealing member 23 and the root area 22 b″ of the first sealing member 22 and a slant surface part 26 b that extends almost conically inwardly in the radial direction from the to-be-sandwiched part 26 a and that defines a circular hole 26 b′ through which the rotational shaft S is passed.

As shown in FIG. 13, the slant surface part 26 b is formed to adjoin (come into close contact with) the first lip part 22 b of the first sealing member 22, whereby the first lip part 22 b is prevented from being deformed inwardly beyond the allowable limits. Therefore, a desired sealing capability can be secured without influence, for example, of fluids in the internal space B. As in the foregoing embodiment, in this lip-type seal 20′″, the components can be easily assembled and disassembled while securing such a desired sealing capability.

In the embodiments described above, the lip-type seals 10, 20, 20′, 20″, and 20′″ are applied to the compressor C that serves as apart of an air conditioning system, for example, of a vehicle. However, without being limited to this, the lip-type seal can be applied to any apparatus or electrical appliance if these devices include a rotational shaft and a housing which supports the rotational shaft.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

As described above, the lip-type seal of the present invention is easily attached, detached, and sorted while maintaining its desired sealing capability, and hence a recycling process can be easily carried out. Therefore, the lip-type seal is useful in an apparatus or electrical appliance that is required to seal the outer periphery of its rotational shaft with such a lip-type seal. 

1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising the steps of: forming a semiconductor film over an insulating surface, the semiconductor film contains germanium in a concentration of 0.1 to 10 atoms % and has an amorphous structure; irradiating the semiconductor film having the amorphous structure with a first laser light to form a semiconductor film having a crystalline structure; and irradiating the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure with a second laser light after irradiating with the first laser light.
 2. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein an energy density of the second laser light is higher than that of the first laser light.
 3. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first laser light is one of an excimer laser, a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic of a YAG laser, and a YVO4 laser.
 4. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second laser light is one of an excimer laser, a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic of a YAG laser, and a YVO4 laser.
 5. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure has a P-V value of less than 70 nm which indicates a surface roughness of an upper main surface thereof.
 6. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure has a root mean square roughness of less than 10 nm which indicates a surface roughness of an upper main surface thereof.
 7. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, an orientation ratio with respect to {101} lattice plane of the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure is higher than an orientation ratio with respect to {111} lattice plane thereof.
 8. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the step of irradiating with the second laser light is performed in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum.
 9. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising the steps of: forming a semiconductor film over an insulating surface, the semiconductor film contains germanium in a concentration of 0.1 to 10 atoms % and has an amorphous structure; irradiating the semiconductor film having the amorphous structure with a first laser light to form a semiconductor film having a crystalline structure and an oxide film on the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure; removing the oxide film; and irradiating the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure with a second laser light after irradiating with the first laser light.
 10. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein an energy density of the second laser light is higher than that of the first laser light.
 11. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the first laser light is one of an excimer laser, a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic of a YAG laser, and a YVO4 laser.
 12. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the second laser light is one of an excimer laser, a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic of a YAG laser, and a YVO4 laser.
 13. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure has a P-V value of less than 70 nm which indicates a surface roughness of an upper main surface thereof.
 14. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure has a root mean square roughness of less than 10 nm which indicates a surface roughness of an upper main surface thereof.
 15. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, an orientation ratio with respect to {101} lattice plane of the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure is higher than an orientation ratio with respect to {111} lattice plane thereof.
 16. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the step of irradiating with the second laser light is performed in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum.
 17. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising the steps of: forming a semiconductor film over an insulating surface, the semiconductor film contains germanium in a concentration of 0.1 to 10 atoms % and has an amorphous structure; performing a heat treatment to the semiconductor film having the amorphous structure to form a semiconductor film having a crystalline structure; irradiating the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure with a first laser light; and irradiating the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure with a second laser light after irradiating with the first laser light.
 18. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein an energy density of the second laser light is higher than that of the first laser light.
 19. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein the first laser light is one of an excimer laser, a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic of a YAG laser, and a YVO4 laser.
 20. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein the second laser light is one of an excimer laser, a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic of a YAG laser, and a YVO4 laser.
 21. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure has a P-V value of less than 70 nm which indicates a surface roughness of an upper main surface thereof.
 22. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure has a root mean square roughness of less than 10 nm which indicates a surface roughness of an upper main surface thereof.
 23. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, an orientation ratio with respect to {101} lattice plane of the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure is higher than an orientation ratio with respect to {111} lattice plane thereof.
 24. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein the step of irradiating with the second laser light is performed in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum.
 25. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising the steps of: forming a semiconductor film over an insulating surface, the semiconductor film contains germanium in a concentration of 0.1 to 10 atoms % and has an amorphous structure; performing a heat treatment to the semiconductor film having the amorphous structure to form a semiconductor film having a crystalline structure; irradiating the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure with a first laser light so that an oxide film is formed on the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure; removing the oxide film; and irradiating the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure with a second laser light after irradiating with the first laser light.
 26. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 25, wherein an energy density of the second laser light is higher than that of the first laser light.
 27. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 25, wherein the first laser light is one of an excimer laser, a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic of a YAG laser, and a YVO4 laser.
 28. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 25, wherein the second laser light is one of an excimer laser, a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic of a YAG laser, and a YVO4 laser.
 29. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 25, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure has a P-V value of less than 70 nm which indicates a surface roughness of an upper main surface thereof.
 30. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 25, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure has a root mean square roughness of less than 10 nm which indicates a surface roughness of an upper main surface thereof.
 31. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 25, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, an orientation ratio with respect to {101} lattice plane of the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure is higher than an orientation ratio with respect to {111} lattice plane thereof.
 32. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 25, wherein the step of irradiating with the second laser light is performed in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum.
 33. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising the steps of: forming a semiconductor film over an insulating surface, the semiconductor film contains germanium in a concentration of 0.1 to 10 atoms % and has an amorphous structure; adding a metal element for accelerating crystallization to the semiconductor film having the amorphous structure; performing a heat treatment to the semiconductor film having the amorphous structure to form a semiconductor film having a crystalline structure; irradiating the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure with a first laser light so that an oxide film is formed on the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure; removing the oxide film; irradiating the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure with a second laser light after irradiating with the first laser light; and gettering the metal element from the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure.
 34. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 33, wherein an energy density of the second laser light is higher than that of the first laser light.
 35. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 33, wherein the first laser light is one of an excimer laser, a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic of a YAG laser, and a YVO4 laser.
 36. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 33, wherein the second laser light is one of an excimer laser, a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic of a YAG laser, and a YVO4 laser.
 37. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 33, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure has a P-V value of less than 70 nm which indicates a surface roughness of an upper main surface thereof.
 38. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 33, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure has a root mean square roughness of less than 10 nm which indicates a surface roughness of an upper main surface thereof.
 39. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 33, wherein after irradiating with the second laser light, an orientation ratio with respect to {101} lattice plane of the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure is higher than an orientation ratio with respect to {111} lattice plane thereof.
 40. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 33, wherein the step of irradiating with the second laser light is performed in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum.
 41. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 33, wherein the step of gettering the metal element is performed by forming a second semiconductor film over the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure and performing a heat treatment to the semiconductor film having the crystalline structure. 